Louis Riel Essay -- essays research papers

On October 23, 1844, in Red River Manitoba, Louis Riel Sr and Julie Lagimodiere, devout Christians, brought a young Mà ©tis boy into the world. Little did they know, Louis Riel Jr. would grow up to become known to many as â€Å"the founder of Manitoba.† His life was filled with excitement, both political and personal. The question is, were his actions against the government acts of honor and truth, or deception and lies?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Riel Jr.’s political adventures did not begin until he was 25. On November 23, 1869, Riel proposed the formation of a provincial government to replace the Council of Assiniboia because he did not believe that they were not doing their jobs well enough to improve the dull life in Red River. On December 10th his flag flew on the pole at Fort Gary. Riel held a convention of twenty French and twenty English Canadians to draw up a new list of rights. The convention sat a week and finished on February 10th. Riel soon formed another provincial government that was more represented than the last. Three delegates were chosen from the provincial government to present the list of formed rights to the Canadian government: Father Noà «l Ritchot, Judge Black and Alfred Scott . On March 24th, the three delegates left for Ottawa to negotiate entry into Confederation and discuss the list of rights. Finally on May 12th, 1870, the list of rights, now known as the â€Å"Manit oba Act† , was passed by Canadian parliament. One section protected Mà ©tis lands, guaranteed the right to their religion, and the use of their language in the legislature and courts, but it seemed not enough. December 16th 1884, Riel dispatched a petition to Ottawa demanding that settlers be given title to the lands they occupied, that the districts of Saskatchewan, Alberta and Assiniboia be granted provincial status, that laws be passed to encourage nomadic Indians and Mà ©tis to settle on the lands and that they be better treated. On February 11th, 1885, the government answered the petition by promising to appoint a commissioner to investigate the Mà ©tis claims and titles. First, a lengthy census would be taken of the Mà ©tis. Riel, since little had been accomplished, questioned his own leadership qualities. The Mà ©tis reaffirmed their vision of Riel as a leader and asked him to continue as their leader.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Not long after these issues were tabled, a ... ...nment feared him? Whatever the reason, it was wrong. No man can be exiled without a clear, good reason , says the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. This Charter was established in 1872. Long before the trial. Riel’s exile is one of the main reason Riel was viewed as a traitor: not good enough for Canada. It appears that Riel’s treacherous deeds were merely a myth, brought upon by the government to stir fear in the heart of Riel followers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So to answer the question of â€Å"truth or treason?† I say truth. Riel began his own provincial government, improving it as time went on; even in a weak moment of question, his people supported him. When battle and political issues drove him from his home, he did it with grace; yet, when he returned he spoke eloquently on the subject. Even during his trial, he spoke with all the dignity and honor of a gentleman and a hero. His death was for his people. If that does not prove his honor, I do not know what does. Riel’s life and troubles have taught us much. In the future, we must not allow the government to control whom we believe in. We cannot allow another honorable person to die because he or she are seen as a threat.

Corporation and all other organizational forms Essay

1-1. What is the most important difference between a corporation and all other organizational forms? Owners of a corporation are not liable for obligations the corporation enters into because a corporation is defined as a legal entity separate from its owners. 1-2. What does the phrase limited liability mean in a corporate context? Limited liability means that owners/investors are solely liable for the amounts they invested in the company; and owners/investors are not responsible for any debts, delinquent funds, or collections incurred by the company. 1-3. Which organizational forms give their owners limited liability? Corporations give owners limited liability and limited partnerships give limited liability to the limited partners, not the general partners. 1-4. What are the main advantages and disadvantages of organizing a firm as a corporation? The main advantages of an organization are they offer limited liability to the owners, greater liquidity and life span due to an unlimited number of potential owners investing funds into the firm. The main disadvantages of an organization are their double taxation of profits/dividends and the separation between ownership and control of the firm. 1-5. Explain the difference between an S corporation and a C corporation. The difference between a C corporation and S corporation is a C corporation pays corporate income taxes on profits and then the profits are distributed to the owners, whom are responsible for paying income taxes on these earnings. S corporations do not pay corporate taxes on profits, but they pass the entire tax liability onto the owners. The owners of an S corporation are limited to no more than 100 U.S. citizens. 1-6. You are a shareholder in a C corporation. The corporation earns $2 per  share before taxes. Once it has paid taxes it will distribute the rest of its earnings to you as a dividend. The corporate tax rate is 40% and the personal tax rate on (both dividend and non-dividend) income is 30%. How much is left for you after all taxes are paid? Dividend available after corporate taxes: $2 x (1-0.4) = $1.20 Dividend available after personal taxes: $1.20 x (1-0.3) = $0.84 After taxes are paid, a dividend of $0.84 per share is available for distribution. 1-7. Repeat Problem 6 assuming the corporation is an S corporation. Dividend available after corporate taxes: $2, S corporations are not subject to corporate taxes. Dividend available after personal taxes: $2 x (1-0.3) = $1.40 After taxes are paid, a dividend of $1.40 per share is available for distribution. 2.8 In early 2009, General Electric (GE) had a book value of equity of $105 billion, 10.5 billion shares outstanding, and a market price of $10.80 per share. GE also had cash of $48 billion, and total debt of $524 billion. Three years later, in early 2012, GE had a book value of equity of $116 billion, 10.6 billion shares outstanding with a market price of $17 per share, cash of $84 billion, and total debt of $410 billion. Over this period, what was the change in GE’s: a. market capitalization? Market Value of Equity = Shares outstanding Ãâ€" Market price per share 2009: 10.5 billion shares x $10.80 per share = $113.4 billion 2012: 10.6 billion shares x $17 per share = $180.2 billion The change in market capitalization between 2009 and 2012 is: $180.2 billion – $113.4 billion = $66.8 billion. b. market-to-book ratio? 2009: $113.4 / $105 = 1.08 2012: $180.2/ $116 = 1.55 The change in market-to-book ratio between 2009 and 2012 is: 1.55 – 1.08 = 0.47 c. enterprise value? Enterprise Value = Market Value of Equity + Debt − Cash 2009: $113.4 + 524 – 48 = $589.4 billion 2012: $180.2 + 410 – 84 = $506.2 billion The change in enterprise value between 2009 and 2012 is: $506.2 billion – $589.4 billion = -$83.2 billion 2-11. Suppose that in 2013, Global launches  an aggressive marketing campaign that boosts sales by 15%. However, their operating margin falls from 5.57% to 4.50%. Suppose that they have no other income, interest expenses are unchanged, and taxes are the same percentage of pretax income as in 2012. a. What is Global’s EBIT in 2013? 2013 Revenues: $186.7 million x 1.15 = $214.705 million EBIT = $214.705 million x 0.045 = $9.66 million b. What is Global’s net income in 2013? Net income = EBIT – Interest Expenses – Taxes 2013 Net income: ($9.66 million – $7.7 million) x (1-0.26) = $1.45 million c. If Global’s P/E ratio and number of shares outstanding remains unchanged, what is Global’s share price in 2013? 2013 P/E ratio: 2012 share price/earnings per share = $14/$0.556 = 25.17 2013 EPS: 2013 Net income/shares outstanding = $1.45 million/3.6 million shares = $0.403 2013 Share price = 25.17 x $0.403 = $10.14 per share 2-24. Suppose your firm receives a $5 million order on the last day of the year. You fill the order with $2 million worth of inventory. The customer picks up the entire order the same day and pays $1 million upfront in cash; you also issue a bill for the customer to pay the remaining balance of $4 million in 30 days. Suppose your firm’s tax rate is 0% (i.e., ignore taxes). Determine the consequences of this transaction for each of the following: a. Revenues = Increase by $5 million b. Earnings = Increase by $ 3 million c. Receivables = Increase by 4 million d. Inventory = Decrease by $2 million e. Cash = Increase by $1 million ($3 million earnings + $2 million inventory – $4 million receivables)

Security forensics and risk management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 24 Words: 7218 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Acknowledgement Foremost I would like say thanks to god for all support in all my life and secondly University of Greenwich to give this my life aim to complete my masters. Next my supervisor Professor Kevin Parrott to the supports he gave because without his support I wouldnt be able to complete my project with this quality. Especially the suggestions and appreciation given my supervisor make me feel better and gave positive thinking. Finally need to thank my family and friends for unbelievable supports and encouragements. Abstract As we are in the information era the world is changing to use electronic means for day to day use. The paper documents is gone and most of them are paper free because of so many reasons such as pollution, easy, fast, etc At the same time this digital media has availability, scalability, confidentiality and integrity which are required behaviour for secure communication. The risk is increased with the increase of computer and digital means usage and the single security lack may cause huge losses. There are some surveys says most of the crimes are happening through electronic means and the target is computer or computer peripherals. If the attacker found a single security lack that is enough to start and break the whole system and the security lack could be configuration mistake, firewall issue and basically problems in the protection mechanism. Because of these reasons testing become very important and this process called as Auditing. There are so many types in the auditing an d this auditing requires technical knowledge to make these tests perfect and to give an audit report including suggestions. The auditing falls into two main categories such as Automatic and manual. The test will be efficient if it is automated using testing tools which are called as automated or computerised test. Even though there are some tests cannot be automated and need to test manually. This auditing covers network security test, physical or environment security test, computer security test which includes software and hardware tests. The computerised test will carry on with some security tools and the manual will use questioner to minimise human made errors mainly forgetting. Security audit is the technical assessment of the application or system. The assessment may be manual or systematic or both. In most case the auditing process uses manual and systematic/ automatic methods because there are some tests cannot be automatic such as review of the security policy, asset m anagement, etc This auditing has different types such as internal or external. This type is depends on the company size and the resource availability. Usually big companies have their own security auditor so they will perform the audit internally and the small and medium size companies mostly hire auditor form outside. Both types got pros and cons in security and financial manor. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Security forensics and risk management" essay for you Create order Chapter 1 Introduction This chapter largely contains non-technical information to give the understanding of high level objectives. Also describe the techniques and technologies used in the project and research to accomplish the project Objective Audit The audit is a systematic or manual security assessment of the network, infrastructure, system, etc The complete audit should be the combination of manual and automatic assessment because in every test target there will be some test cannot be automatic. The audit has so many categories and the following paragraph will explain about the categories and the functions or techniques behind that. There are 3 controls in the auditing process which are Preventive control The preventive controls are controls may in the form of software or hardware or ant configuration to prevent the error or vulnerabilities. This is an active type control always monitor the interface for any vulnerabilities and block such vulnerabilities or errors before it enter into the system or infrastructure. This is most effective control mechanism because not allows the vulnerabilities. Detective control The detectives are in placed to monitor the vulnerabilities in the form of software or hardware but the different between preventive and detective is the preventive wont allow the vulnerabilities into the system where detective allows entering everything and correcting the vulnerabilities after enter. The best example is for this control is fire alarm because fire alarm wont prevent the fire before but if any fire it will work. Corrective controls The corrective controls are the controls to correct the error or issue before it make any harm. This is very important control for all places even if they have other controls because there are some issues or vulnerabilities cannot detect by the controls if they will come and attack so there should be some control to correct those before loss occur. Addition to that the controls should up to date such as latest firmware or latest definition. Type of auditors There are two basic types of auditors in the information era the internal and external auditors. This selection of the auditor will be done by the management with the use of financial status of the organisation. Size of the organisation and the policies defined in the company. Internal auditors Internal auditors are auditors belong to that particular company which is going to perform the audit. That means the auditor is an employee of the company. So the auditor is always available to do the auditing and data or information will keep within the organisation. This is the main advantage of having the internal auditor and the same time and the employee purposely recruited for auditing then is cost a lot for the company. So it is only possible for the big level companies because they have huge investments and revenue. The disadvantage of the internal auditor is they may be up-to-date and dont have current market or audit status such as new techniques and tools. External auditors The auditor recruited from other auditing firm for the auditing so it is very hard to find professional auditor because of the availability and as the auditor recruited from outside the company information may go out. At the same time the auditor needs some time to get and understand the company process. But the advantage of recruiting the external auditor is their knowledge and it is suitable for middle and small level companies. Types of Audit: Traditional Audit It is just like a manual auditing. It is useful when working with a large amount of data in a large company. Here auditor took some sample data from different place then provide a report. Advantage: Easy Cheaper Disadvantage: Always do not provide correct information. In IT sector it is not useful. Software audit: Software audit is a wide popular for any educational institute or organization. It is just like a review of the software and the system that can find all information of the system such as operating system, application software, processor, drives, controllers, bus adapters, multimedia, virus protection, system model, main circuit board, memory models, local drive volumes, network drives, printers information etc.. There are so many auditing tools in the market such as Belarc Advisor, E-Z audit that are very power full. KW116 is the main Lab for school of computing and mathematical science in University of Greenwich. CMS installed lots of software for students to continue study or research. According to Copy right, Design and Patents Act 1988, all Software must have a valid licences to continue the process. As Lab uses large amount of software and different software expire on different time so it is very difficult for Lab administrator to keep up to date all licence by manually check s. Only auditing by software can possible to give details report to administrator to keep up safe the system. Advantages: Correct Information: Machine always provide the correct information so it has less chance to provide the incorrect information. Save time: Software very quickly provides a report of the system so it saves time. Details description: It provide a details description of system including any warning or licences issues etc Minimise the cost: By implementing the software audit two peoples work may possible with one people so it reduce the extra cost. Disadvantages: Investment Costly: Software is very expensive so university need extra money to buy this software. Risk: Auditor knows the details information of the system. Work flow: Auditor needs part of the lab to check the system. So it discontinues the student workflow. The approach The typical audit has different approach to collect the data. The single audit will use multiple techniques to gather full information and it is necessary to use different technique for different level of people. These are common techniques here. Interview This technique uses to collect the information from outside people or top level people and the number should be limited. During the interview the auditor or interviewer will ask questions from other people and collect the information. So the person will be well prepared for the interview. This is very robust method because it will allow people to express fully and the method also simple as it is talking which is natural way to communicate. Another advantage is this bi directional communication, means both parties allows to ask questions for clarification or gather information. Observation This method uses in the place where real time process monitoring or behavioural change is required. This is a powerful way of do the changes throughout the audit because other techniques exist in currently not possible to get real time information. Inspection The technique required to do some action with collected data to collect audit related information. This is the form of observation with advance criteria expected. This is extended version of observation because if the auditor apply any advance criteria to gather the data which is necessary to the auditing. After collecting the data the next step is to identify the weakness and process it. The identifying is the key work in the audit and after that categorising. The identifying uses some techniques to make that easy, preface and professional. The techniques used here are Root cause analysis General technique for analyse and get the better solution for the vulnerability or weakness. Because this technique drilldowns to the issue and finds the root and fix the weakness. The basic technique behind this is if the root is fixed automatically it will fix all other problems related to that. So simply close all related issues at once. As mention the easy and robust way to stop the issues exist and the issues may come in the future. After root cause analysis the next step is to get the solution for the root of the issue. The important thing here is choosing better and effective solution for the issue. The selection depends on some external and internal restrictions. Organisation policy Cost per benefit Legal restrictions Availability Compatibility Vendor and citification Advantage of having Auditing: Satisfaction: It brings the confidence of the Lab administrator of the University of Greenwich to continue the business process. Owner always thinks is there any lack that breaks down the continuity of the business. Detection and prevention of errors: Human can made error in any times .on one can say there is no error in there company. By auditing people can find the error and suggestion to recover the error. Detection and prevention of fraud: It also just likes errors. Sometimes user intentionally or unintentionally does this thing. So after audit we can find out the fraud. Verification of the Licences: KW116 Lab installs lots of software for student. Here some software for 1 year some software for more than one year and some software has limitation (No. Of user can use) for use. So auditor can find all kind of licence issues. Independent opinion: Audit always done by the independent people .so this report always accepted by everyone. Safety form exploitation: Health and safety always is a big issue for any organization. KW116 Lab got lots of equipment that are connected with electricity. So always chances for short circuit or exploitation. Audit identifies the all lack point and advice for prevention. Disadvantage of having Auditing: It is expensive Sometimes slow or stop the work flow External people know the company information. Encryption Encryption is the simple technique in the different for to send the date securely through shared place like internet. The form of encryption may vary from each other but they all commonly use digital certificate to encrypt and decrypt the data. Encryption use keys to make cipher text from actual message. The cipher text is not readable and it is the encrypted version of the massage using some algorithm. Security roles/user roles The security roles are very important technique to make network administration easy. This is basically creating some groups with different permissions according to the organisation operation or policy. A user or staff can have multiple security roles according to their need. This roles use to authorise the user permission. Security policy Security policy is a document which has all rules and regulations documented and approved by management and align with laws and legislation. This policy is used to define all activities and this is used to make some decision. Business Continuity: There are three things always we have to mind to continue the business Essential: to running the business any customer order cannot be delay more than seven days. Tolerate delay: some application may delay to continue the business such as management pay. It is a midterm i.e. one to four weeks. Discretionary: some application is useful for business but it is not affected to continue the business operation such as management report. It is a long term i.e. 3 to 6 months. Business continuity planning Business continuity planning (BCP) is the most important for any organization to continue the business. BCP engages with only different kind of risk to continue the business process that might occur in the organization and it also creates the policies, plan and procedures to reduce the risk. BCP can continue the business process in disaster situation as well. The main goal of the BCP is to combine together all policies, procedures and process so that any disruptive situation business process can continue or it may impact very little. Here main important function of BCP is Maintaining the business operation Continue the business in emergency situation Reduce the risk If any situation BCP cannot take over then Disaster recovery planning (DRP) takes over. British Auditing Standard BS7799: It is a British standard called as BS7799 that developed by British standard institution where describes the security policy and standard procedures.BS7799 become the ISO IEC 17799 after accepting the ISO IEC technical committee for international use. Now a days information is a valuable asset for organization .So it is very important to protect the information like other corporate asset. Here BS7799 introduces how to protect the information from threats and suggest the three points to secure the information such as Integrity: it is assurance the completeness and accuracy of the information. Confidentiality: Information can only access by the authorise people Availability: Authorise people can access the information when needed. Attacks and prevention for the attacks Errors and Omissions: Errors and Omission is one of the most common and toughest vulnerabilities .It is a human made error because human interact with programming, controlling and enter data for computer. There are no countermeasures to protect the errors and omission. Fraud and theft: It is a one kind of criminal activities that may occur in the KW116 Lab. It includes computer component such as mouse, keyboard, router, switch, cables, CPU box etc. It was observed that security person always not in the access point. So it is harm to secure the lab from fraud and theft. By protecting the access control we can reduce the fraud and theft. Both internal and external people are responsible for that kind of activities. Prevention of Fraud and theft: Regular auditing and monitoring program will help to identify all kind of fraud and theft. Deploy all of the access control. CCTV in proper place. Virus: Virus is a malicious code that has ability to reproduce his code itself and spread one system to another system via e-mail, downloading, storage devices (CD, DVD, memory stick, removal hard drive) and destroy the computer system. It was observed that removal memory stick all most every user are using and it is the most change to spread the virus in the Lab computer system and also observed user are using their own laptop and connected to the university wireless network. If user laptop effected with virus then it also change to spread the lab network that can affect the internal network and attack the server and crash the hard drive. Prevention: Install the latest antivirus software. Regular update the antivirus software. Follow the backup procedures regularly. Scan the device when transfer data. Installing the NIDS (Network Intrusion detection system) and firewall Minimise the download from internet. Download only repudiated site web site. Scan before the download. Care full to open unknown e-mail attach. Scan all incoming file from the remote site. Aware the user about danger of the virus. Trap-doors: It is an undocumented command that might user can create to speed up the work flow. Unfortunately sometimes student might leave these trap-doors. Prevention of Trap-doors: Use latest antivirus software. Give permission to develop the code only authorise people. Check properly all coding before use it. Logic bombs: It work s like time bombs and affect the system in a particular event or day such as program launch, website logon. It changes the data and deletes the data from the system. Here student are accessing the lots software to do the course work or project. So they are strong enough to build the logic bombs. It is normally happen in company if employee leaves the job. Prevention: Audit regularly and monitoring Always back up the necessary file Allow authorise people to develop the code Need record of all modification or changes Trojan Horses: It is a software programming that contains the malicious code. Normally students are interested to download the music, free software from internet. It is the most change to affect the lab computer and destroy the data stored on lab computer system. Prevention: Avoid unwanted software and music download from internet. Aware the user about Trojan Horses. Worm: Warm also is a malicious code that can spread itself without any human involvement from one system to another system .It works only computer network system and does not need any devices to transport. Prevention: Use firewall Use update antivirus software Spyware: It is an unwanted software interface that monitors the activity of the user and transfers the important information like log in details or account details to the remote system that monitor the user activities. Adware: It is also similar to spyware but it does not intent to transfer the user details to a remote system. It works like advertisements on the internet. Some adware monitor the searching behaviour of the user and then redirect the related websites. Prevention of Adware /Spyware: Close the pop up window. Aware about the spyware/adware. Click only reputed link. Social Engineering: Most of the users are getting unknown mail and they are also chatting with unknown people. Social engineering is one of the most popular techniques that attackers use to access the system by sending the mail or chatting with people to know the password. So it is a major risk to the security of the password. Prevention: Not response the unknown mail. Not chatting with unknown people. Dont give any one personal information or login id. Proper training or aware the new user about social engineering. Ping of death: we have only permission to send the largest packet (65,536 bytes) on the server. Attackers know this amount of bytes from ICMP specification. So they try to send the packets more than 65,536 bytes (at least 65,537). If the server does not check the size of the packet and try to process then it hung or crashed the operating system. Dumpster diving: Every day Lab user printing there necessary document but sometimes by mistake they are printing unnecessary document and end of the day through all document in the bin. Hacker is very intelligence. They always look at the bin and find the necessary document to access the network. Prevention: Destroy all documents before put in a bin Natural disasters: If anything happen that is not under control of human it is called natural dusters such as earthquakes, volcano, floods, fires, storms, hurricanes etc It may occur in any time but most risk is the fire for KW116 lab. It may cause from heater, power supply, over heating the power box, short circuit etc. Natural disaster is less chance for lab but it affect is more than any threat .It may destroy the part of the building, loses the all information. Prevention: Follow the health and safety procedures. Clear the fire exit. Aware the user about possible disaster. Man-Made Disasters: If anything happen intentionally to destroy the business process or destroy the part of the business and it is control of human then it is called the Man-Made Disaster such as Fire, Act of Terrorism, Bombings/Explosions, and Power Outages etc. Prevention: Check always ID card Allow only authorise people Use metal detector CCTV Equipment failure: Students are always busy with their course work and other course related work so equipment failure may loss the all data. Prevention: Use extra UPS Back up all data Auditing Stages/Steps Scope and Pre-Audit survey Planning Field work Analysis Reporting Scope and Pre-Auditing The first step or stage of the audit is to understand the purpose of the audit and the areas need to cover during the audit. Understanding the audit purpose is basically get the idea why this audit needs to perform; means any special risk assessment or annual audit. If it is special risk assessment audit this will be more specific and the scope will be narrow and deep otherwise if it is annual audit it will be the general audit to cover as much as possible area. Pre-Auditing survey is to verify the audit areas using risk management techniques and some general techniques such are reading previous audit report, web browsing, background reading, etc This will reduce the chance of failure by correcting the plan by lesson learned. Planning and Preparation In this stage the scope is going to break into small areas to make auditing easier and clear. So the clarity will be more and purpose will be easy to understand. Usually this stage will involve the work breakdown plan and risk control matrix. The risk control matrix is just a check list contains questions to carry out during the audit. Field work Actual auditing will perform during this stage by different techniques or methods. Simply it starts with interviewing staff or students using questioner or oral interview to system or network test by auditing software tools. The result of this stage will be the evidence of the audit to get a conclusion or submit to the management with audit report. So this will be the most important stage in the audit process. This step may use several testing software tools depend on the scope of the audit and the software selection is another key event of the audit process because there are so many fake software applications available in the market. Actually those are virus and the reason of making virus in the form of auditing tools. The reason of spreading the virus in the form of auditing or testing tool is very easy and hart to detect. Analysis Using the evidences or any results collected in the previous stage are the input of this stage. This stage is fully analysis and decision making so it needs a lots of time to investigation and assessment. The most sensitive area of the audit process is analysis because this is the place going to take the decision to submit to the board so that should be perfect otherwise the audit is useless and it will lead to make some wrong decision. Reporting The stage is to present all audit findings in the form of report. This is the document contains all evidences, analysis results, suggestions recommendations, conclusion, etc This document will pass to the management or the higher level people to review approve and take necessary action if necessary. The report should be clearly written and easy to understand because this document need for future also to give some information to start next auditing or to take some strategic decision. Problem Domain Because of the increased use of university of Greenwich KW116 lab the chances of threats or issues are high and this is the responsibility of the student and the staff to make the lab secure in all aspects. The reason of this project based on KW116 is that is the lab used by the students largely and usually network related or any other lab sessions and happening in this lab so if the lab got any security hole or lack that may affect the student and the staffs. Easiest way to ensure the security level of the lab is auditing. This auditing needs to cover all areas from physical security to network security. Then only this will the perfect audit and the audit can use some standard checklist to make more efficient and to eliminate human made errors such as forgotten, typing mistakes, etc There are so many ways to make sure the security level such as penetration testing and vulnerability testing. These are more specific with attacks and threats and for the general purpose security audit is the suitable one as it will cover all areas of the security. According the reasons given above the general security audit is the most suitable technique to verify the security level of the lab. So the auditing will cover most of the areas of the lab with the aid of standard checklist which is approved by British Standard Institute. Test behind the auditing Physical test Network test Software Test Security Policy test Hardware/Peripherals test Access control test Objectives To evaluate the actual level of security that exists at The University of Greenwich Maritime campus KW116 Lab. Activities plan and schedule the audit Auditing with software tools Analysis audit result Deliverable Detailed audit report with suggestions and recommendation This is the main objective of the project and this will carry on with several tools like packet sniffer, port scanner software, etc There are three different tests using these tools to identify internal and external vulnerabilities. To evaluate various methods of implementing the security policy, determine the security weaknesses and implement risk management for the existing security weaknesses. University lab security policy review Analysis Deliverable Detailed security policy analysis report with changes/suggestions/recommendation. The reason of this objective is to stop the holes from policy level because this is the easy way to implement. Learn Audit and Audit process and practice auditing and Research auditing products available in the market and select appropriate. This task is fully learning about audit and audit related stuffs. This objective is the key or starter of this project because if project start without proper knowledge that will mislead to somewhere else not to project aim. To draft a new security policy that addresses the existing weakness to the management. According to the analysis draft a security policy to fix or overcome all existing security holes. Deliverable Draft security policy How the objectives will be achieved Third and fourth objectives will be achieved with books and internet. This objective will give the idea about auditing the outcome of this objective will be a documentation which contains all requirements which need to cover in this project. The research will give the details about tools which requires to perform the auditing the methods/process for the auditing. Internet is the main and basic mean for this research as it is easy to access and with wide range of data. Tools which identified from the research will used to perform the security auditing and this audit result will monitor in real-time and document instantly. Mostly these tools will be freeware and from well-known vendor. The auditing will perform in three different views to make sure the area is secured fully. The views are inside computer local network, outside computer local network, outside computer different network. Audit Methodology This project uses two different methodologies to accomplish the task such as checklist and questioner. The check list is an aid for the auditor to perform the audit and it is a manual to the audit. So the checklist will contains all tests need to perform during the auditing where questioner is to get the opinion or feedback for the staffs and students (generally this will be feedback from stockholders). The analysis also will carry in two different way using questioner and the checklist and finally compare both and get the conclusion. The questioner and checklist covers most of the areas and those are grouped separately to make the auditors life easy and more understandable. The areas coved in the documents are Physical Security/ Environment Security control This section mainly covers the physical security issues and the recommendation. Mainly it covers all natural disasters, actual control and recommendation. Access control This section is all about permit or deny to the access to KW building using several ways. The questions used to get the actual control, status of the control implemented, recommended control need to implement. Software and hardware The hardware and software related testing and verifying is the main job of this area. When talk about testing it will start from licence to the current status of the hardware or software. Servers and network All about network related testing from cabling to server level security. This is the key test of the security assessment/auditing because network in the hard of most of the organisations. Security policy The area is to review the existing security policies and make sure they are valid with the current limitations and technology improvement. This is because there is a necessary to keep the security policy up-to-date as well. Personal security This is all about personal security when user or staff made mistake or for any human made errors such as how the system behave if a user forgot to log off the computer when he leave and analysis the actual control implemented. This will use to give the status of the current implementation and propose enhancement if necessary. Virus/Threats This area covers the security vulnerabilities through virus or any other similar threats. So mostly this questions or the test task will relate virus and antivirus or antispyware controls. Especially this area will talk about the up-to-date definitions of the antivirus because this is the important task will make sure the status of the security level. That means it is no use if u have antivirus or any anti-threats software without proper update or latest update. Remote connection / external connection Very important area which should verify before authorise because once access given they can do anything from outside. So there should be a software use to validate the user and the place of login and important point is the software should be from well-known vendor and properly tested. Non Achieved Objectives It was mention in the objective to use auditing softwares for scanning all of computer and the network system to gather information about expire date of Licence, list of software and hardware details, network risk and warning but because of security and licensing reason university did not allow to use the softwares proposed for this project. Even though Belarc Advisor software runs from outside laptop with university network for the sample analysis and the result documented in the report for the analysis. It would easier to make conclusion if auditing uses the software to gather information. But instead of software the audit uses a standard checklist to carry on. Summary The chapter 01 assisted in clearing and understanding the problem domain. This is mostly non-technical or less-technical have as much as possible general and basic ideas which covered in this project. Final Report University of Greenwich The checklist analysis methods used for this project made audit wider and deeper because it follows mostly BS7799 standard. The checklist clearly describes that there are some places got weakness and some of them are in the level of acceptable. The concern of the audit is the place security is lacking because these are the vulnerabilities for the KW116 lab. The checklist clearly mentions the findings and recommendation. Here finding is the actual control implemented and the recommendations are the expert suggestions. These expert suggestions made with experiences and some other means such as internet, books, etc The expert rating for the security level of the lab in chart is bellow. The chart description makes auditors decision very clearly with recommendation result. The chart above Describes the Security deference between actual control and the security level after recommendation is made. The reason for the non 100% achievement is organisation restriction such as budget, po licy and it is not practical to achieve 100 % security. The requirement for the security is to meet acceptable level. The level of acceptable is a keyword in security as it is not possible to secure the system 100 % if it is connected to external world. As mention above the lab KW116 is very weak in access control but if the university implements the recommendation it may achieve 100%. Analysis Checklist Access Control There is no proper control to access KW and no consistence in the rules and regulations because only some time security staff checks the resource card. In general anyone can enter into university KW building which is big issue here. Because even CCTV fined any issues with the person entered when they check the CCTV later they cant do anything because university dont have any clue about that person entered into the lab. Remote/ virtual connection The virtual connection is still using which is well-known and trustable software and the system is using windows authentication. So the login is validated at the place of active directory. Active directory authentication is very strong because it is using complex encryption method with non-reversible method. But the server needs more resources to increase the performance because the virtual desktop is really slow. The lag of the security audit is Security policy The university have own policy security for the lab but those are not in the well-known place to read or there is no instruction from where student can get those information 2.1.4 Environmental and Physical security The lab is almost safe in environment manner such as wind, rain and sunlight. In addition to that if any mechanism to monitor the window covers against sunlight that would improve the security level. The audit flag for this is Network and Equipment Security User Responsibility This is another huge security hole in the lab and this looks simple issue but it may cause any kind of issues. There are so many things will come under this. For an example following images are simple and good evidence for how users are behaving in the lab. The mobile phone usage, foods chatting, etc The audit status flag for this area is Chapter 3 Recommendation Access control The staffs in the entrance should verify the student before enter into the KW premises. University can use two different methods to here. Staff in the entrance should check the university resource card always This is power technique because the staff can verify the student with the card image. In this method illegal use of the resource card will be eliminate. But this technique requires CCTV for the evidence if anything goes wrong and the staff working in the entrance should work Entrance should have at least one security staff always and they have to be well trained. The second option is electronic access contrail which uses access card, finger print or code to open the entrance. But as it is an academic intuition there is no need for more security like this. So the best and cheaper way to control this is the first option. This is the first and primary level of control KW building. But another issue here is there is no control to say the student has entered to the lab other than CCTV. Because the access control in the entrance will make the student or staff has entered to KW not to KW116. Remote/ virtual connection The system should upgrade with more resource because there are possibilities for huge number of remote connection. So if the system works very slowly it is useless to implement this facility. The system may split into multiple virtual clusters and the clusters will increase the performance. User Responsibility The responsibility of the user are not known even it is well-defined which is useless of having riles and regulation. So there should be a way to introduce all these responsibilities to the user such are notice board, labelling with rules or small sessions to pass these rules to users. Notice board This method can carry big set of information on it but there is no proof those users checking the notice board which again come as not effective way of communication. Ladling A strong way of communication can put these in the physical stuffs as sticker or in software as message box or software label with different colour. But the disadvantage here is it can carry small and that particular area or situation rules and regulation. Meeting The suitable way of communication because talking is the easy way of communication and two way interaction also possible in this method. But the requirement here is to make this meeting as compulsory for all users and penalise if anyone miss. But punishment should be related to pass these to user. Entry Control (Web) This covers all possible web based application with 1st level security. There are two places which users usually use for their day to day work through web and lab computer login. This password strength is strong enough for academic based industry but suggesting reducing the password expire period which is simple technique to improve the security level. Portal University of Greenwich The login configuration of the portal is strong enough for the academic industry and the session out time is very good. Intranet University of Greenwich The login control is acceptable in intranet but the session maintaining is very poor and logout mechanism also poor. Simply there is no session controlling and logout is not working properly. The main issue with logout is logged is allowing the user to access previously visited pages which is wrong and it requires internet explorer shutdown to complete the action. Suggestion to implement session control because this session control will eliminate these two issues. Computer Login. Again the lignin mechanism is acceptable here but idle time control such user timeout because of idle timeout is not proper here so need to improve here because this is a security risk. But this is also users responsible too but the system it should handle as much as human errors. Chapter 4 Audit Report -Draft Version Scope The project covers only KW116 lab and in the lab it will assess network, physical, policy, etc There are many limitations to do the testing because auditing done with student user credentials which got less privileges. Objective of the engagement Find out status of the lab in security point of view Recommendations for the weaknesses. Audit Report submission to the board Coverage period 4/3/2010 to 30/4/2010 Brief description of the work performed The audit assessments processed all areas with students credentials. Background information N/A Overall audit conclusion The conclusion of this audit is the KW116 is protected in network or network related stuffs such as attacks and vulnerabilities are almost safe. But the access control and some of the process mentioned above needs to change or enhance. When it comes to overall audit conclusion the level of security is average. Chapter 5 Conclusion and Future Improvement The audit to KW116 is to find the status of the security level and existing security issues. The auditing covers most of the security areas including physical security. This audit uses checklist method as auditing technique because this checklist method will eliminate some issues even the technology is software based because human made errors or mistakes such as typing mistakes, forgotten, etc and the same time the check list used in this auditing mostly satisfy BS7799 and ISO12007 which are basic and powerful standard. This check split in to sever categories to make the auditing process easy and understandable. This audit process uses one software to validate the system. Basically this software scans the system and the network to retrieve security related and system related information. The output of this software is all-in-one report with details. The report also split into several categories. Even though the main advantages of this software is validation of software licences, network scanning and security updates. addition to there was a survey using questioner created for this project with general and basic questions and the survey limited to 100 students. The result of the questioners is summarised and analysed. The basic reason of this survey is to get the students opinion. According to the analysis the student allows some security weakness because of their easy such as password expires period. The standard checklist analysis is the major part of the project and according to the audit there are so many weakness in the KW116 and related process especially access control mechanism. The access control mechanism should change or enhance. This should be the first consideration of the board or authorities. At the same time students are not very keen to follow these regulations because following the rules and regulations are not easy and the policies are not available or not visible to the student or appropriate users. This is the second concern of th e audit. Because if the student needs to obey they rule they should know the rules and regulations. The final conclusion of this audit is the KW116 is protected in network or network related views such as attacks and vulnerabilities are almost safe. But the access control and some of the process mentioned above needs to change or enhance. Future improvement The audit needs to add some more software to the testing this will be effective if project apply some simple penetration testing. The penetration test will give the level of the security or security lacks which will allow attackers to some inn or attack. The checklist can go more deeply to get the root cause of the problem easily. Chapter 6 Appendix A Security Audit for KW116 Lab, University Greenwich Security Assessment questioner I am Manik Saker doing my masters in University of Greenwich in Computer Security forensics and risk management. For partial fulfil of my masters I am caring out this auditing for KW116 lab and this questioner is to get the feedback from students and analyse the security level or security acceptance level of the lab. The questioner is split into several parts to make this to easy and effective. The responses from the students are confidential and cannot be linked back to you. Please fill this and return to me on completion

Understanding the Pros and Cons of Protectionism

Protectionism is a type of trade policy by which governments attempt to prevent or limit competition from other countries. While it may provide some short-term benefit, particularly in poor or developing nations, unlimited protectionism eventually harms the country’s ability to compete in international trade. This article examines the tools of protectionism, how they are applied in the real world, and the advantages and disadvantages of limiting free trade. Key Takeaways: Protectionism Protectionism is a government-imposed trade policy by which countries attempt to protect their industries and workers from foreign competition. Protectionism is commonly implemented by the imposition of tariffs, quotas on import and exports, product standard, and government subsidies. While it may be of temporary benefit in developing countries, total protectionism typically harms the country’s economy, industries, workers, and consumers. Protectionism Definition Protectionism is a defensive, often politically-motivated, policy intended to shield a country’s businesses, industries, and workers from foreign competition through the imposition of trade barriers such as tariffs and quotas on imported goods and services, along with other government regulations. Protectionism is considered to be the opposite of free trade, which is the total absence of government restrictions on trade.   Historically, strict protectionism has been used mainly by newly developing countries as they build the industries necessary to compete internationally. While this so-called â€Å"infant industry† argument may promise brief, limited protection to the businesses and workers involved, it ultimately harms consumers by increasing the costs of imported essential goods, and workers by reducing trade overall.  Ã‚   Protectionism Methods Traditionally, governments employ four main methods of implementing protectionist policies: import tariffs, import quotas, product standards, and subsidies. Tariffs The most commonly applied protectionist practices, tariffs, also called â€Å"duties,† are taxes charged on specific imported goods. Since tariffs are paid by the importers, the price of imported goods in local markets is increased. The idea of tariffs is to make the imported product less attractive to consumers than the same locally produced product, thus protecting the local business and its workers. One of the most famous tariffs is the Smoot-Hawley Tariff of 1930. Initially intended to protect American farmers from the post-World War II influx of European agricultural imports, the bill eventually approved by Congress added high tariffs on many other imports. When European countries retaliated, the resulting trade war restricted global trade, harming the economies of all countries involved. In the United States, the Smoot-Hawley Tariff was considered an overly-protectionist measure that worsened the severity of the Great Depression. Import Quotas Trade quotas are â€Å"non-tariff† trade barriers that limit the number of a specific product that can be imported over a set period of time. Limiting the supply of a certain imported product, while increasing prices paid by consumers, allows local producers a chance to improve their position in the market by filling the unmet demand. Historically, industries like autos, steel, and consumer electronics have used trade quotas to protect domestic producers from foreign competition. For example, since the early 1980s, the United States has imposed a quota on imported raw sugar and sugar-containing products. Since then, the world price of sugar has averaged from 5 to 13 cents per pound, while the price within the U.S. has ranged from 20 to 24 cents. In contrast to import quotas, â€Å"production quotas† occur when governments limit the supply of a certain product in order to maintain a certain price point for that product. For example, the nations of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) imposes a production quota on crude oil in order to maintain a favorable price for oil in the world market. When the OPEC nations reduce production, U.S. consumers see higher gasoline prices. The most drastic and potentially inflammatory form of import quota, the â€Å"embargo† is a total prohibition against importing a certain product into a country. Historically, embargoes have had drastic impacts on consumers. For example, when OPEC proclaimed an oil embargo against nations it perceived as supporting Israel, the resulting 1973 oil crisis saw the average price of gasoline in the U.S. jump from 38.5 cents per gallon in May 1973 to 55.1 cents in June 1974. Some lawmakers called for nationwide gas rationing and President Richard Nixon asked gasoline stations not to sell gas on Saturday nights or Sundays.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Product Standards Product standards limit imports by imposing minimum safety and quality requirements for certain products. Product standards are typically based on concerns over product safety, material quality, environmental dangers, or improper labeling. For example, French cheese products made with raw, non-pasteurized milk, cannot be imported into the United States until they have been aged at least 60 days. While based on a concern for public health, the delay prevents some specialty French cheeses from being imported, thus providing local producers a better market for their own pasteurized versions. Some product standards apply to both imported and domestically-produced products. For example, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) limits the content of mercury in imported and domestically harvested fish sold for human consumption to one part per million. Government Subsidies Subsidies are direct payments or low-interest loans given by governments to local producers to help them compete in the global market. In general, subsidies lower production costs enabling producers to make a profit at lower price levels. For example, U.S. agricultural subsidies help American farmers supplement their income, while helping the government manage the supply of agricultural commodities, and control the cost of American farm products internationally. Additionally, carefully applied subsidies can protect local jobs and help local companies adjust to global market demands and pricing. Protectionism vs. Free Trade Free trade—the opposite of protectionism—is a policy of completely unrestricted trade between countries. Devoid of protectionist restrictions like tariffs or quotas, free trade allows goods to move freely across borders. While both total protectionism and free trade have been tried in the past, the results were usually harmful. As a result, multilateral â€Å"free trade agreements,† or FTAs, such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the 160-nation World Trade Organization (WTO) have become common. In FTAs, the participating nations mutually agree on limited protectionist practices tariffs and quotas. Today, economists agree that FTAs has averted many potentially disastrous trade wars. Protectionism Pros and Cons In poor or emerging countries, strict protectionist policies like high tariffs and embargoes on imports can help their new industries grow by protecting them from foreign competition. Protectionist policies also help create new jobs for local workers. Protected by tariffs and quotas, and bolstered by government subsidies, domestic industries are able to hire locally.  However, the effect is typically temporary, actually reducing employment as other countries retaliate by imposing their own protectionist trade barriers. On the negative side, the reality that protectionism hurts the economies of countries that employ it dates back to Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations, published in 1776. Eventually, protectionism weakens domestic industries. With no foreign competition, industries see no need for innovation. Their products soon decline in quality, while becoming more expensive than higher quality foreign alternatives. In order to succeed, strict protectionism demands the unrealistic expectation that the protectionist country will be able to produce everything its people need or want. In this sense, protectionism is in direct opposition to the reality that a country’s economy will prosper only when its workers are free to specialize at what they do best rather than trying to make the country self-sufficient. Sources and Further Reading Irwin, Douglas (2017), Peddling Protectionism: Smoot-Hawley and the Great Depression, Princeton University Press.Irwin, Douglas A., Tariffs and Growth in Late Nineteenth-Century America. World Economy. (2001-01-01). ISSN 1467-9701.Hufbauer, Gary C., and Kimberly A. Elliott. Measuring the Costs of Protectionism in the United States. Institute for International Economics, 1994.C. Feenstra, Robert; M. Taylor, Alan. Globalization in an Age of Crisis: Multilateral Economic Cooperation in the Twenty-First Century. National Bureau of Economic Research. ISBN: 978-0-226-03075-3Irwin, Douglas A., Free Trade Under Fire, Princeton University Press, 2005.

The Education and Healthcare Gap - 1686 Words

In the worlds of politics, sociology and economics, debates have raged concerning the relative equality or inequality in America. Over the past one hundred years, we have seen a sizable shift toward equality in the legal rights of minorities. However, this legal equality is undermined by a pervasive and broadening socioeconomic inequality, especially in regards to healthcare and education. These issues disproportionately affect minorities. This paper will first touch on two other types of inequality: civic and income. Then it will move into how healthcare and education play an important role in this growing inequality, and finally address the broader implication of socioeconomic inequality and ultimately why these†¦show more content†¦Others argue that inequality is acceptable and, indeed, beneficial. Martin Feldstein argues that, according to the Pareto principle, the gain of some over others is not injurious as long as others are not made worse-off. Instead, he argues that policies should simply focus on reducing poverty. However, in his assessment of how to remedy this issue, he discusses inadequate schooling and work training for those with lower incomes (39). These issues are directly related to problems of inequality in America . specifically, the inequality of opportunity. Income inequality can only be justified if people are given a chance to alter their socioeconomic status. If this shift is inhibited, then inequality rather than creating opportunity destroys it. Although income inequality is an extensive issue that needs to be addressed, education and healthcare provide a more immediate and disquieting problem within America. Here, in the land of opportunity, we have an undeniable and pervasive inequality of opportunity. In an America moving consistently from a manufacturing to a service economy, an education is becoming increasingly pertinent in job attainment and mobility (Waters l.3 s.30). In addition, low-income families cannot afford to place their children in schools that have more resources and are more competitive for colleges. Instead, they are forced to rely on public schools, whichShow MoreRelatedWhat Intervention Activities Would Be The Most Help For Addressing Haiti s Health Problem1432 Words   |  6 Pagesincluded in the Appendix. However, the critical factors targeted in this intervention come down to four focus areas. These priorities are: 1) provision of safe water and sanitation infrastructure, 2) carry out health education among community members, 3) fill critical healthcare gap, and 4) improve and increase epidemiological surveillance In a blog post written by Sokari Ekine, the Nigerian social justice activist explains that cholera is an illness â€Å"exacerbated by heavy rains; poor sanitation;Read MoreGender Inequality Of The Work Force1305 Words   |  6 Pagesoccurs every day. 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Dumping of oil, liquid wastes Free Essays

Of course getting rid of the waste is easy but there are several environmental and human health concerns that are raised as a result of it. Incineration of waste material exhibits different types of toxic air pollutants such as, cadmium, sulfur dioxide, lead, nitrogen oxide, and mercury that are very harmful and contaminate the air (oppapers. com, 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Dumping of oil, liquid wastes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Acid rains and smog are the by-products of incineration that don’t only pollute the atmosphere but also the lands that are used for agricultural purposes. It’s of no wonder that if the wastes – either solid or liquid – are dumped improperly to any place results in the growth of mosquitoes that carry dengue fever virus, which has a domino effect of malaria and headache. Dengue fever has around 23 strains that worsen the health of the victim for several weeks or even months. On the other hand, sewage contamination worsens the water quality of the rivers or other reservoirs from where the water is supplied to the citizens. Over drinking such water, people became the victims of Diarrhea and other stomach problems; moreover, these diseases further deteriorate the skin of a person and causes skin cancer. Droughts or famines come when the landfills and acid rains make the soil infertile and incapable for the use of agricultural purposes. Not only this, along with human beings, the marine life and other animal species are vulnerable to our reckless waste disposal. Dumping of oil, liquid wastes, and throwing off of several other materials and wastes into the rivers and sea causes the marine life to extinct. As in the case of Chevron, previously known as Texaco, where the company dumped off huge amounts of solid and liquid wastes into the Amazon River which later resulted in the proliferation of several diseases for human beings along with other marine species. Considerable number of people and animals died as a result of it. Answer – 2 Children are more vulnerable to air pollutants due to several reasons. First, there organic and immune system is quite sensitive and vulnerable as compared to that of others; therefore, children have greater tendency of catching the diseases. Secondly, children often spend more time outside there home; for instance, six to seven hours in school and 2 to three hours playing outside with friends. Hence the probability of indulging and interacting with pollution increases, so is with the diseases. Answer – 3 As a Health Educator in this multi-disciplinary team, I would assist the nurse to develop and implement a program for the reduction of exposure of air pollution to the community in the following way. I would provide her with the necessary precautionary equipments such as, masks sun-screen lotions that must be there for the children if air pollution is quite dense. Secondly, I would recommend her not to let the children go out to play or do any other activity in case of bad weather or polluted air conditions. Third, I would assist her in planting as much plants and trees as possible so that they take away carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release fresh oxygen. Fourth, forbid people to use the gas that burns more and emits toxic and dark black smoke that further worsens the environment. Fifth, minimizing smoking at home or workplace that can otherwise harm children; and finally, making use of air filters to get fresh air and not the polluted one. How to cite Dumping of oil, liquid wastes, Papers

Led Zeppelin The British Rock Band free essay sample

This was just the beginning of their rocks lives. During the early asss this band was at the peak of their success. They became very rich and did crazy things like trash the hotels they stayed in while on tour(dilemma Led Zeppelin: The real monsters of rock). Led Zeppelins fourth album was released in 1971 and had no name to it, but is one the best selling albums ever. It sold over 23 million copies in just the US, even though the band is also very popular and originated in the LIKE (Rockwell. Com Led Zeppelin Biography). In 1 980, something horrible happened to the band and its fans.Their rammer John Bonham was found dead by their tour manager and John Paul Jones. He died from asphyxiation from vomit. The band broke up after his death because they agreed it would not be the same without him(ultraconservative. Com Quote after Paragraph three). We will write a custom essay sample on Led Zeppelin: The British Rock Band or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Unfortunately, he lived the rock star life a little bit too hard. In the dads the band sold their music online like the modern day bands and music artists. In 2007 the band reunited for a concert in London with Bonham son Jason taking his place on the drums. (Rockwell. Com Paragraph eleven). I guess Led Zeppelin will always love the rock star life even at an old ages.