Live in free essay sample

22 August 2008 In January 2008, the Supreme Court validated long-term live-in relationships as marriages. A Supreme Court bench headed by Justice Arijit Pasayat with P Satasivan declared that children born out of such a relationship will no longer be called illegitimate. Law inclines in the interest of legitimacy and thumbs down whoreson or fruit of adultery, the court added. The apex court judgment was followed by similar suggestions from the National Commission for Women (NCW). In June this year, in response to recommendations made by the Ministry of Women and Child Development, the NCW sought a change in the definition of wife as described in Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), which deals with maintenance. The NCW recommended that women in live-in relationships should be entitled to maintenance if the man deserts her. Emphasising the need for broadening the definition of wife in the CrPC section, NCW officials said there had been cases where the man led the woman to believe that he was unmarried or was divorced or widowed and went ahead with the formalities required by marriage laws or the custom governing him. We will write a custom essay sample on Live in or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As a way of countering this, NCW chairperson Girija Vyas suggested that even if a marriage was not registered, a womans claim would stand if she provided enough proof of a long-term relationship. This underscored the Supreme Courts stand that a man and woman, having lived together for long, would be presumed to have been married, unless it was rebutted by convincing evidence. Equal rights The recent ruling is only the latest in a series of recommendations by various bodies seeking equal rights for the married woman and live-in female partner. A recommendation by the Justice Malinath Committee to the Law Commission of India (2003) stated that if a woman has been in a live-in relationship for a reasonable time, she should enjoy the legal rights of a wife. The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (2005) provides protection to women at the hands of their husbands as well as live-in partners, and his relatives. When the law came into force in October 2006, it did not distinguish between the woman who is married and the woman who is in a live-in relationship. The SC ruling in itself has its precedent in a 1927 judgment made by the Privy Council, the Supreme Courts predecessor in pre-independent India. In A Dinohamy v. WL Blahamy, the Council laid down a general principle: Where a man and a woman are proved to have lived together as a man and wife, the law will presume, unless the contrary be clearly proved, that they were living together in consequence of a valid marriage and not in a state of concubinage. The Council made significant additions to the 1927 ruling in 1929 in Mohabhat Ali Vs Mohammad Ibrahim Khan. It said: The law presumes in favour of marriage and against concubinage when a man and woman have cohabited continuously for a number of years. For a live-in couple to be considered validly married, the court wanted evidence of cohabitation for a number of years, without specifying the minimum number of years. In Gokal Chand and Pravin Kumari (1952), the Supreme Court reiterated the 1929 principle. However, it added that though the presumption for a valid marriage between a live-in couple could be drawn from their long cohabitation, it wasnt enough to earn them legitimacy if the evidence of their living together was rebuttable. In this judgment, the apex court refused to recognise a live-in relationship, though the couple had lived together for some years before the pregnant woman decided to live alone with her child born out of a live-in relationship with the man. The rebuttal of a presumption in favour of a valid marriage, in this case, came from the child, who said she did not remember her father ever visiting her or her mother. In Badri Prasad (1978), the Supreme Court recognised a live-in relationship as a valid marriage, accusing the authorities of questioning a relationship 50 years after the couple had begun living together, and were treated as a married couple even by their relatives. The view from the courts A Madhya Pradesh High Court judgment in 1985 dealt with the case of Loli, who had lived for several years with Radhika Singh. Together they had five daughters and a son. The trial court dismissed the case made by Singhs sister-in-law that Loli should not have property rights as she was just a mistress. The sister-in-law had sought her rights over the property, and contended that Loli had started living with Singh even when her first husband was alive, and therefore, there could not be a presumption of valid marriage. But the appellate court set aside the trial courts order, a stand the Madhya Pradesh High Court also agreed with. This brings us to Payal Sharma Vs Superintendent, Nari Niketan, and others, in which a court stated in 2001 that a live-in relationship was not illegal. Sharma had moved the Allahabad High Court to be left to do her own bidding after being forced to live in a Nari Niketan at Agra, following her arrest, along with Ramendra Singh, with whom she had a live-in relationship. The Agra police arrested her and Singh on the basis of an FIR lodged by her father, accusing Singh, an already married man, of kidnapping Sharma. A resident of Kannauj district in Uttar Pradesh, Sharma produced documentary evidence, including her high school certificate, to prove that she was 21 years old. On the basis of this evidence, the court directed the authorities to set her free. Justice M Katju and Justice RB Mishra stated, Petitioner Smt. Payal Sharma appeared before us and stated that she is above 21 years of age, which is borne out from the high school certificate which shows that her date of birth is 10. 7. 1980. Hence she is a major and has the right to go anywhere and live with anyone. In our opinion, a man and a woman, even without getting married, can live together if they wish to. This may be regarded as immoral by society, but is not illegal. There is a difference between law and morality. Thus, a uniform view appears to emerge from the courts, when one looks at the history of cases on the question of live-in relationships. It appears that, by and large, legal sanction for live-in relationships is based on the assumption that they are not between equals, and therefore women must be protected by the courts from the patriarchal power that defines marriage, which covers these relationships too. Shades of grey But such protective sanction raises other questions, notably about the institution of marriage itself, for which there are no easy answers. Supposing a live-in relationship is between a man who is already married with children, and a single woman? In Payal Sharma, Ramendra Singh was a married man with children. Which womans interest should the courts and law protect, and in doing so, can the apparent equality between married and unmarried couples be maintained? Live-in relationships also raise questions about legal stance towards bigamy. In spirit and essence, the Allahabad High Court judgement contradicts the law against bigamy for Hindus, both for men and women, which make it mandatory for a husband or wife to get a divorce before they can marry again. When bigamy is illegal except for Muslims in what sense can a live-in relationship be equal to a marriage, if either the man or the woman is already married? And how is it that a division bench of a High Court is able to pronounce a judgement that openly violates the social, legal and filial implications that bind the husband in a Hindu marriage, which includes living with the wife and children under the same roof? Theres also the question of marriage-like protection for a woman who enters a relationship with someone she isnt married to, by choice or circumstance. Does a female partner need the protection of legal standing equivalent to that of a wife, in a non-married relationship she entered into by choice or circumstance? To marry, or not to marry? Live-in relationships among urban, educated, upper-middle class young people began as a declaration of independence, as a way of keeping away from the shackles of institutionalised marriages. In fact, its a willful rejection of the institution of marriage, of the stereotypes it engenders, and of the restrictions and inequalities it has come to stand for. But, legal sanction granted to a live-in relationship may put it back in the trap that live-in partners sought to evade in the first place. This legal sanction implies that live-in relationships are bound by the same rules of fidelity, commitment and economic stability that marriage is structured in. Social geographer Soma Das says that people who opt for live-in relationships do so because they do not believe in marriage. If live-in relationships are treated on par with marriage, many young men and women may not really like to get into such open relationships. At the other end, ensuring maintenance and giving legal sanction to live-in relationships will not make the position of the female partner equal to that of the wife because social acceptance in Indian society will take a very long time. It still does not have a mindset that accepts the estranged female partner of a live-in relationship. Psychologist Shenaz B Ilavia believes that live-in relationships are still confined to a marginal segment of society which she calls the elite, upper middle class. Theoretically, it may sound like a better proposition than marriage, but very few people actually opt for it. A live-in relationship is not a substitute for marriage, she says.

Comparative Advantage

Comparative Advantage Comparative advantage can be defined as the efficiency of a country or a state to produce a certain commodity at a lower opportunity cost compared to another another country. This applies to international trade where a country can produce a certain good or service at a cheaper cost than another nation. Therefore, it only makes sense for the other country to buy from the producing country as it will be cost effective. International trade refers to the exchange of goods and service between two countries at a price, which is accepted by both countries. A theory can be defined as a discipline of critical thinking and shared ideology on a given topic in science. Thus, the comparative advantage trade theory refers to a clear understanding of the trade that exists between countries that depend on each other for goods and services. In this case, one country can find a market for its goods. On the other hand, the other country can purchase goods at a cheaper price than it would use to produce the same goods. One country is more efficient than the other in producing certain products. Therefore, it makes sense when both countries get involved in the business. In this case, the country that purchases the goods will shift some of the manufacturing attention to other goods that it can produce at an efficient cost.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparative Advantage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Comparative advantage compares the efficiency of the country to produce a product at a cheaper cost than another country given the same economic conditions. There exists a relationship of co-existence between two countries. In this regard, each country can produce a commodity that it can produce cheaply and purchase the ones it cannot produce efficiently (Leamer, 46). Economics refers to the discipline that focuses on the production, distribution, and consumption of products. It helps to understand the forces of demand and supply that exists in the market. Market forces dictate how certain goods are produced and offered in the market in an effort to satisfy the needs of customers. Thus, in a given economy, it is very hard to produce all goods and service that the economy may require. Therefore, international trade should be introduced to cater for any commodity that a country may not be able to produce efficiently. A comparative advantage exists if two states differ in technological abilities and resource availability. Therefore, one country can engage in the production of certain goods or services at a lower cost than the other country. This comparative advantage may be as a result of a country having cheap labor or due to availability of capital to produce the given product. A country may be strategically located in a place where there are raw materials and thus being able to save on transport cost and purchase of the raw materials. Economies of scale favor international trade as producti on cost fall due to the scale of production. For example, it becomes cheaper to produce larger quantities of goods than producing a small quantity of goods under the same production process. Comparative advantage has been the backbone of international trade and its development. It has also led to increased efficiency in the country’s industrial production. International trade helps to promote world peace through efficient co-existence between trading partners. Good relations are enhanced through international trade as the countries depend on each other for the production and distribution of goods and services. International trade helps countries to earn foreign exchange, which is vital to facilitate stability of their currency (Maneschi, 12-15). Comparative advantage allows a country to specialize in the production of a given commodity. Therefore, this country can purchase other commodities that are available in other countries at a much cheaper price compared to the cost of producing such goods under the current economic status.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A country can make good use of the available resources like human skills, education, and talent combined with enhanced machinery to produce goods and services. The country should then establish a better way to acquire the goods and service that it is not able to produce within its economy. Therefore, the best way is to acquire such goods and services from other countries that can produce them at a low production cost. International trade facilitates the use of the factors of production in an effective and efficient manner. However, this can be costly due to taxes and tariffs imposed on the importation of the goods. Nonetheless, it helps to eradicate delays and low supply of goods. International trade helps to promote relations between trading partners through the exchange of tec hnology and production skills that increase production scale. Sharing of information and skills is enhanced through international trade where the citizens of these countries share culture. Transport and other infrastructure are improved through international trade as the exchange of goods and service promote the need to have developed transport system (Maneschi, 18-21). Conclusion Comparative advantage is brought about by one country having a better opportunity cost in the production of a commodity than the other. Comparative advantage has been instrumental in promoting international trade where countries or states exchange goods and service at an agreed price and terms. International trade helps to promote world peace and stabilizes the economies of different countries through the exchange of information and technology. Leamer, Edward. Sources of International Comparative Advantage: Theory and Evidence. Cambridge, Mass. u.a: MIT Pr, 1984. Print. Maneschi, Andrea. Comparative Advan tage in International Trade: A Historical Perspective. Cheltenham u.a.: Elgar, 1998. Print.

Research proposal (add payment) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research proposal (add payment) - Assignment Example The main benefits of this topic and research is that it allows the managers of the 21st centaury understand how to motivate their employees based on the various theories that have been developed in the past. The main aim of this research is to use the knowledge gained from the past theories and to provide a clearer view to managers to help them be able to incorporate these theories into the current time in the corporate world. The research will also contain recommendations based on the various theories however will be a newer approach to fit into the current corporate world. Managing people at work is an essential element of any business. Human Resources Management is a specialised function by itself and requires to be managed with special care and attention. Employees are an asset to any company. Human resource management deals with managing these assets. Human resource management deals with ensuring that all the needs of employees are met and that the company receives the best from the employees. It is very important for the business to ensure that the employees that have been recruited are able to perform the duties both effectively and efficiently. The key ideas for managing people revolve around Psychology, Sociology, Unitarism, Pluralism, Contingency theory and Ethics (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2004). There are a number of different strands of thoughts in the field of motivation of employees. There have been several scholars who have developed a number of theories about the optimum ways to manage people at work. The dissertation will include the theories of many that will be discussed further. The management theories to a great extent provide a clear ground work of this provides a steady base for this study. This is majorly because it is essential to understand the theories of management before moving into the motivational theories. Management theories are in a number if ways the first and most essential elements of business which every

Website Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Website Analysis - Essay Example It is through downloading or liking of the posts that earn the owner of the posts a specified amount of money. Artists prefer using this website as it is reliable and commonly used by a majority of people worldwide. After the news broadcast on any channel in the world, it is possible to obtain the news at youtube at any time for example KBC news from Kenya is obtainable in this website at any time. However, entertainment items cover a major section of the site. Music and movies from all over the world are available at the website. Youtube contains parental control application that helps in blocking any information that is not necessary for view in underage individuals. It encourages the flow of information to relevant individuals without leaking any information to unnecessary viewers. There are various goals in association with youtube the main purpose being simplifying share of videos from all over the world quickly. The video materials may be movies, music, pranks or motivational speeches from different regions of the globe. In addition, it serves as a medium of interaction among the members of the website that mainly contain various cultural values beliefs and norms. Just like another interaction sites like Facebook, Youtube provides the chance to it members to create more friends along the globe. All the above goals are in achievement as the site has offered the opportunity to make the goals come true. The writings on the website give directions to the users on how to maximize the use of the site. However, the writings simplify the search of items for the users to avoid wastage of time and complications in using it. The textual designs in this website give the viewers a center of attraction as the designs serve the purpose of making the website beautiful and attractive. It provides different colors and images that attract personnel encouraging more users to join the site. The primary visual

Martin Luther King as a Leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Martin Luther King as a Leader - Essay Example It was through bold and inspirational speeches that King established a reputation as a great orator. However, this also painted him a radical and subject to federal surveillance for the rest of his life. In addition, King is recognized for his phlegmatic way of approaching crisis as he advocated for the rights of all. Martin Luther King Jr represented the African-American community, but in essence, this translates to all minority communities who lived an oppressed life. This oppression came about following colonization and the slave trade where the rights of those perceived to a weak community were subjected to a wide range of discrimination. Segregation and discrimination with regard to race, gender and education were outlawed following advocacy for civil rights. This marks a critical step towards generating independence among communities. This clearly illustrates that even as King fought for the rights of African-Americans, the benefits would be felt across different communities both regionally and nationally. King mounted a challenge to oppression by defying the status quo, which eventually got support from other members of the community other than African-Americans. However, there still exist a wide disparity based on ethnicity, race, religion and gender in modern America. This creates the need for more activism and effective leadership to bridge the gap, eliminating existing disparities. In order to take up leadership and advocate for change, one must consider every possible angle relevant to the vision he has. This way, his vision should illustrates the benefits of the intended changes and how best to effect it. In this regard, one should develop a vision in which he firmly believes in before making it a mission. Consequently, a leader seeking to transform the beliefs held by many must establish a vivid vision of

ISP Network Potential Threats

ISP Network Potential Threats Threat Identification A danger is an event which could take benefit of the vulnerability and make a terrible effect at the ISP network. potential threats to the ISP network need to be diagnosed, and the associated vulnerabilities need to be addressed to reduce the danger of the threat. Trends Driving Network Security As in any rapid-growing enterprise, modifications are to be predicted. The varieties of capability threats to network protection are usually evolving. If the security of the network is compromised, there may be extreme effects, like lack of privateness, stealing of information, and even legal potential.      Ã‚   Figure () illustrates several threats and their potential consequences. Figure () Introduction to Vulnerabilities, Threats, and Attacks: Although studying network security, the three usual terms used are as follows: Vulnerability-A weak point that is essential in every network and device. This contains routers, switches, desktops, servers, and similar security gadgets themselves. Threats-The people keen, prepared, and eligible to take advantage of each security flaw, and they frequently examine for new exploits and weaknesses. Attacks-The threats use a selection of kits, scripts, and software to release attacks towards networks and network devices. Normally, the network devices beneath attack are the endpoints, such as servers and PC. The sections that comply with talk vulnerabilities, threats, and attacks in more detail. First aspect: lets talk about vulnerabilities in ISP Vulnerabilities within ISP network security can be summed up as the soft spots which can be found in each network. The vulnerabilities are be found in the network and separate devices that build up the network. Networks are classically troubled by unique or all of three main vulnerabilities or weaknesses: Technology weaknesses Configuration weaknesses Security policy weaknesses The sections that follow inspect separately of those weaknesses in further detail. Technological Weaknesses: Computer and network technologies have intrinsic security weaknesses. These include TCP/IP protocol weaknesses, operating system weaknesses, and network equipment weaknesses. Table () describes these three weaknesses. Table ( ) Network Security Weaknesses Weakness Description TCP/IP protocol weaknesses FTP, HTTP, and ICMP are naturally insecure. (SNMP), (SMTP), and SYN floods are linked to the naturally insecure building upon which TCP was created. Network equipment weaknesses Many types of network tools, such as switches, routers, IDS, and firewalls have security flaws that should be known and shielded against. Example of These flaws are as follows Protocols Firewall Holes Password Protection Absence of authentication Routing Configuration Weaknesses Network administrators or network engineers must  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­discover what the configuration flaws are and perfectly setup their computing and network devices to balance. Table () includes usual setup weaknesses. Table ( ) Configuration Weaknesses Security Policy Weaknesses Security policy flaws can generate unexpected security risks. The network can pose security threats to the LAN if workers do not follow the security policy. Table () lists selected usual security policy weaknesses and how those flaws are misused. Table () security policy weaknesses Threats There are four main classes of risks to network security, as Figure (-) depicts. The list that follows defines all class of risk in additional detail. Figure () Variety of Threats Unstructured threats these types of threat happen when users with little experience try to be hackers by using some ready hacking software like shell scripts and knowing password. Even these types of threats which only comes hackers can form a significant harm to companies. Structured threats the source of these threats are hackers who have more technical knowledge and with stronger drive. Such hackers are equipped with knowledge about the weaknesses in the system and are willing to misuse codes and programs. They study, make and use advanced hacking methods to enter business systems without their awareness of the hacking. External threats these threats come from persons or groups outside the business without having an official and legal access to businesss system. Internal threats these threats come from people with official access to the system by having an online account or physical access to the system. Attacks: There are four main types of attacks: Reconnaissance Access Denial of service Worms, viruses, and Trojan horses each of the above-mentioned attacks will be explained in the next paragraphs. Reconnaissance It is the unapproved revelation or the systems vulnerabilities, planning, or services (see Fig à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) There are some elements of similarities between reconnaissance and a robber who watches areas to notice any easy target to enter like empty houses, unlocked doors and windows. Figure () Reconnaissance Access This attack can take place when an unapproved interloper gets an access to the system without an account or a password. Denial of Service (DoS) This attack is the most worrying type of attacks. It means that hackers make the intended users no longer able to access services, systems or networks. Dos attacks make the systems useless by damaging it or making it too slow. Mostly attacks happen by a hack or a script. Worms, viruses, and Trojan horses This type of attack is widespread online through an internet. Attack Examples The next section is dedicated to representing examples of attacks to elaborate and explain it more. Access Attacks Access attacks take advantage of recognized vulnerabilities in authentication services, FTP services, and internet services to benefit access to internet accounts, private databases, and different private info get entry to attacks can include the following: Password attacks Port redirection man-in-the-middle attacks Social engineering Password attacks Password attacks may be applied using multiple techniques, such as brute-force attacks, malicious program applications, IP spoofing, and packet sniffers. (see figure - for an example of a try to attack the use of the administrators profile) brute-force attacks. Figure () Password Attack Example  ¨ Port Redirection This type of attack (please see Fig) happens when there a trust is taken advantage of through cooperated host to penetrate a firewall which originally is hard to penetrate. For example, when a firewall has a host for each of its three interfaces. External host can contact the public services segment host but not the internal host. The public service segment is also known as a demilitarized zone (DMZ). Figure () Protocol Analyser Port redirection may be mitigated typically via using right trust models, that are network (as referred to in advance). Assuming a system underneath attack, a host-based IDS can assist discover a hacker and save you set up of such utilities on a host. Man-in-the-middle attacks a person-in-the-middle attack calls for that the hacker has get admission to to net packets that come upon a net. A sample might be operating for (ISP) and has access to all net packets transferred among the ISP net and some other net. man-in-the-centre attack mitigation is performed by encrypting traffic in an IPsec tunnel, which might permit the hacker to look only ciphertext. Social Engineering simplest hack (social engineering) If an outsider can trick a member of an corporation into giving over valued data, which includes places of documents, and servers, and passwords, the technique of hacking is made immeasurably simpler. 90 percent of workplace workers gave away their password in trade for a cheap pen. Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attacks This is definitely the most common method of attack. DoS are also one of the hardest attacks to remove entirely. Even amongst hackers, DoS hackers are seen unimportant due to the fact that this method is easy to perform. In spite of that, this form of threat requires high security attention because it can cause a possible huge harm using easy steps (also clarified in Figà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..). Figure (). Denial of Service The next example of a some common type of DoS threats: Ping of death-This attack changes the IP part of the header to deceive others into thinking that there is extra data in the packet than the reality, as a result the system which plays the recipient part will fall apart, as explained in Figure (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..). Figure (). Ping of Death Distributed Denial-of-Service Attacks Distributed denial-of-service attacks (DDoS) these attacks take place by filling the network links with false data. This data can crush the internet link, which means that consequently the genuine traffic will be denied. DDoS attacks use similar techniques to those used by DoS attacks but the former is performed on a wider scale. They usually use thousands of attack centers to overpower a target (see an example in figure à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..) Figure () DDos Attack Malicious Code The main vulnerabilities for end-consumer workstations are next: Trojan horse-A software created to seem like something else that in reality is an attack app Worm-A software that performs random program code and installs duplicates of itself within the RAM of the infected PC, which then infects different hosts Virus-Malicious program is connected to some other software to perform a specific undesirable function on the user computing device Worms The types of a worm attack is : The enabling vulnerability-A computer virus installs itself the usage of an take advantage of the vector on a susceptible system. Propagation mechanism-After having access to PC, a worm repeats and selects new devices. Payload-After the PC or device is hit with a worm, the attacker has to get entry to the host- frequently as a privileged user. Attackers may want to use a local exploit to increase their privilege degree to the admin. Vulnerability Analysis It is vital to analyse and study the present state of network and the administrative practice to know their present amenability with the security needs. This step is needed before working on the addition of new security solutions to an established network. This study will create a chance to find potential enhancements and the possible requirement to reshape part of the system or reconstruct it entirely to meet the requirement. The study/analysis can take place through these steps identifying the policy, analysing the network and analysing the host. The previous sections attempted to present different types of attacks and suggested some solutions. However, the next table summarises different attacks and presents more solutions to these attacks Threats Good practices Assets, assets covered Gaps (assets not covered) Routing threats AS hijacking Internet protocol addressing, Routing protocols, Administrators Administrators Make use of useful resource certification (RPKI) to offer AS authentic validation. The reader needs to be conscious that on the time of writing, its far impossible to discover AS hijacking mechanically. Internet protocol addressing, Routing protocols Administrators Address space hijacking (IP prefixes) Routing, Internet protocol addressing, System configurations, Network topology Make use of resource certification (RPKI) to offer AS authentic authentication. Routing, Internet protocol addressing, System configurations, Network topology set up the best Use policy (AUP), which promotes guidelines to safe peering. Routing, Internet protocol addressing, System configurations, Network topology set up access filtering from the edge router site to the net. Routing, Internet protocol addressing System configurations, Network topology set up Unicast opposite direction path Forwarding to conform the legitimacy of the main sources IP address. Routing, System configurations, Network topology Internet protocol addressing set up egress filtering on the boundary router to proactively clear out all traffic going to the client that has a source address of any of the addresses which have been assigned to that client. Routing, Internet protocol addressing System configurations, Network topology filter out the routing announcements and apply methods that decrease the danger of placing an extreme load on routing created via illegitimate path updates/announcements. for example, Route Flap Damping (RFD) with a properly-described threshold might also make a contribution to lowering router processing time Routing, Network topology Internet protocol addressing, System configurations filter out the routing announcements and apply methods that decrease the danger of placing an extreme load on routing created via illegitimate path updates/announcements. for example, Route Flap Damping (RFD) with a properly-described threshold might also contribute to lowering router processing time Routing, Internet protocol addressing, System configurations Network topology Setup updates for the routing organization infrastructure may simply be accomplished via a described authority the usage of solid authentication. Routing, System configurations, Network topology Internet protocol addressing Manage the status of BGP to discover uncommon activities like path modifications or uncommon announcement. Routing, Internet protocol addressing, System configurations, Network topology Route leaks Routing, Network topology Configure BGP Max-prefix to make sure the legitimacy of routes broadcast. If extra prefixes are received, its miles a signal of a wrong behaviour and the BGP session stopped. Routing, Network topology Utilize useful resource certification (RPKI) to offer AS source authentication. Routing, Network topology BGP session hijacking Routing, Internet protocol addressing, System configurations, Network topology set up prefix filtering and computerisation of prefix filters. Routing, Internet protocol addressing, System configurations, Network topology Use AS route filtering. Routing, Internet protocol addressing, System configurations, Network topology Employ (TCP-Authentication option) to safe secure BGP Validation so that you can update TCP- MD5.TCP-Authentication option to make it simple to a trade of keys. Routing, Internet protocol addressing, System configurations, Network topology DNS registrar hijacking Domain name system, Addressing units, Applications, Credentials, Administrators Registrants need to defend account credentials and outline authorized customers, at the same time as registrars need to offer a secure and safe authentication technique. Addressing units, Credentials, Administrators Domain name system, Applications Registrants need to defend account credentials and outline authorized customers, at the same time as registrars need to offer a secure and safe authentication technique. Addressing units, Applications Domain name system, Credentials, Administrators Registrants need to keep documentation to show registration. Addressing units, Applications Domain name system, Credentials, Administrators Registrants should usage isolated identities for the registrant, admin, technical, invoicing contacts. therefore, registrars should permit an extra complicated user rights control. Credentials, Administrators Domain name system, Addressing units, Applications Registrars have to set up an effective sector information control. Domain name system, Addressing units, Applications Credentials, Administrators Registrars must keep in mind assisting DNSSEC. Domain name system, Addressing units, Applications Credentials, Administrators Registrars can also manage DNS exchange events. Addressing units, Applications, Administrators Domain name system, Credentials DNS spoofing Domain name system, Addressing units, Applications, System configurations, Essential addressing protocols DNS, Administrators Administrators Deploying DNSSEC ambitions to extra secure DNS customers (resolvers) source authentication of DNS information, authentic denial of existence, and info or data integrity. Domain name system, addressing units, Applications, System Configurations, Essential addressing protocols DNS Administrators DNS poisoning Domain name system, Addressing units, Applications, System configurations, Executable programs, Essential addressing protocols DNS, Administrators, Operators Administrators, Operators Deploying DNSSEC ambitions to extra secure DNS customers (resolvers) source authentication of DNS information, authentic denial of existence, and info or data integrity. Domain name system, Addressing units, Applications, System configurations, Executable programs, Essential addressing protocols DNS Administrators, Operators Restrict zone transmissions to decrease load on network system Applications, Executable programs Domain name system, Addressing units, System configurations, Essential addressing protocols DNS, Administrators, Operators Limited active updates to only official sources to keep away abuse. Such abuse include the misuse of a DNS server as an amplifier, DNS cache poisoning Addressing units, applications, System configurations, Executable programs Domain name system, Essential addressing protocols DNS, Administrators, Operators configure the trusty name server as non-recursive. Discrete recursive name servers from the trusty name server. Domain name system, Addressing units, Applications, Executable programs System configurations, Essential addressing protocols DNS, Administrators, Operators Permit DNS transference over TCP to provision non-standard demands. Furthermore, TCP could be essential for DNSSEC. Addressing units, Applications, System configurations, Executable programs Domain name system, Essential addressing protocols DNS, Administrators, Operators Domain name collision Domain name system, Applications Dont use any domain names which you dont own for your inner infrastructure. For instance, do not take into account non-public domain name area as top-level domains. Domain name system, Applications Stopping DNS demand for inside namespaces to leakage into the net via making use of firewall policies. Applications Domain name system Usage booked TLDs such as. invalid, test, localhost, or. example. Domain name system, Applications Denial of Service Amplification / reflection Applications, security, Generic Internet provider, Hardware, Executable programs, System configuration, Application protocols, Administrators, Operators System configuration, Essential addressing protocols, Administrators, Operators Undertake source IP address deal with authentication at the edge of net organisation to avoid network address spoofing via egress ingress filtering. Applications, Security, Generic Internet provider, Hardware, Executable programs, Application protocols System configuration, Administrators, Operators Workers of official name server operative must apply (Response Rate Limiting). Applications, Security, Generic Internet provider, Hardware, Executable programs System configuration, Application protocols, Administrators, Operators ISPs and DNS name server operatives must to deactivate exposed recursion on name servers and may just allow DNS requests from reliable sources. Applications, Security, Generic Internet provider, Hardware, Executable programs System configuration, Application protocols, Administrators, Operators Flooding Applications, Security, Generic Internet providers, Hardware, Executable programs, System configuration, Essential addressing protocols, Administrators, Operators System configuration, Essential addressing protocols, Administrators, Operators Industrialists and configurators of net tools must take footsteps to protected and secure all equipment . One option is to have them update by patching mistakes. Applications, Security, Generic Internet providers, Hardware, Executable programs System configuration, Essential addressing protocols, Administrators, Operators Protocol exploitation Applications, Security, Generic Internet providers, Hardware, Executable programs, System configuration, Essential addressing protocols, Administrators, Operators Malformed packet attack Applications, Security, Generic Internet providers, Hardware, Executable programs, System configuration, Essential addressing protocols, Administrators, Operators Application Applications, Security, Generic Internet provider, Hardware, Executable programs, System configuration, Application protocols, Administrators, Operators

Libertarians Unethical in Respect to Poverty Essay -- Libertarian Polit

Poverty in the United States has long been a social, political, and human rights issue. Few people would say that it is not our moral duty, as social human beings to take care of those less fortunate than ourselves, to the best of our ability. I say "few" because there are some people out there who believe that we have no moral obligation to do anything outside of ourselves. These types of people have what is called a "libertarian" viewpoint. There is really no specific definition of "libertarian", but it is associates "justice with liberty and†¦liberty itself with the absence of interference by other persons." In relation to the matter at hand, specifically poverty in America, libertarians are against taxing the affluent or forcing people to aid the starving and poor. One of the most influential libertarians of our time is Professor Robert Nozik. His theory of justice begins with the premise that all people have "Lockean rights", which require that we refrain from interfering with others. Other than this we have no obligation to do anything positive for anyone else, and likewise, they have no obligation towards us. These rights are natural or inalienable because all humans have them and they do not come from any social or political institutions. These rights forbid us from interfering with a person's liberty even if it would promote some general good, or prevent another's rights from being violated. Overall, the general idea is that people have the liberty to live a life free from intervention of others, and can lead their life however they so choose. In addition, he says that if a person acquired their fortune or possessions without harming, defrauding, or violating the rights of any others, then it is morally perm... ...down to it, we are all the same. Some people have been fortunate enough to grow up in an environment that is financially, emotionally, and spiritually stable. Some people have not been so fortunate. Does this mean that they should not be given the opportunity to try to make something of themselves so that they can change their respective situation? A society that employs a libertarian point of view is one that is regressing, not progressing. In India, the system of social classes is still in effect. Whichever class a person is born into is the class that they remain a part of†¦forever. Such a system offers no opportunity for advancement, and essentially is an example of a belief in the predestination of all people. It is sad to think that in a society as advanced as the United States, there are still those among us who would employ such systems, if possible.

The Vietnamese culture, a rich heritage on many different levels

Vietnamese Culture Thesis Statement: The Vietnamese culture, a rich heritage on many different levels. Through exploring its religion, population, language, education, government, art and economics, an appreciation can be developed for the important contributions Vietnamese people make in American society. The early inhabitants of the area were Negritos. Some 4,000 years ago Austronesian (Indonesian) migrants from the north were moving into the area that is now North Vietnam. Later, Austro-Asiatic (Mon-Klimer and Maylayo-Polynesian) peoples arrived. Then, about 2500 years ago Viet (Yueh) and Tai peoples moved down from southern China. Out of this mixture of genes, languages, and cultures arose Van Lang, considered to have been the first Vietnamese Kingdom. In mid-third century B. C Van Lang was over run by and incorporated into another state to the north, forming the kingdom of Au Lac. Then Au Lac was incorporated into an even larger and more powerful state: Nam Viet. (Levison 284) Historically speaking, Vietnam (officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam as of 1992) has struggled for independence for at least two thousand years, primarily from China. There have been brief periods when the country has itself p In spite of its long relationship and physical closeness to China, Vietnam has for most of historical time â€Å"defined itself as China†tms enemy, a fact memorialized in folk song and legend† (301). The Communist party enlists neighborhood committees and uses these along with its own organizations to monitor behavior and punish what it perceives to be deviance from the norm. About 20 percent of all Vietnamese people live in cities, the majority of these in two or three room apartments. The punishment for exceeding the two child limit was most easily enforced† (295). Once a tattoo artist, Tan experiments with subjects such as men masturbating and variations on the phallic symbol. But number one, there is very little money to be made in Vietnam, so there are few places to spend it. In writing, these tones are marked diametrically, giving the language a great musicality. In 1994 the population of Vietnam was roughly 69 millions. Respecting its economy, Vietnam is and always has been a very poor country, â€Å"with an annual per capita income of less than U. Although the party has eased up on the economy a bit regarding control, it still wields absolute political power. In Vietnam, â€Å"gossip and ridicule have been important weapons for social control because of a concern for face† (296). Was Communism to be practiced, as it should be in Vietnam There would be a middle and upper class which there are not except at the level of government, meaning it†tms the same old story of corruption, hunger for power and the odd need to keep the people as submissive and as under-privileged as possible. The children are taught that â€Å"water from Vietnam†tms many rivers and from the annual monsoons is basic to the rice agriculture† (26), which is so vital to the country†tms existence in terms of both substance and economy. Music plays a central role in daily life just as it does in America; its fine arts and architecture, however, reflect Chinese as well as Western influence. Most households have altars for their ancestors and â€Å"small shrines built in honor of various spirits (the earth god, Shakyamuni, the goddess of mercy, the god of wealth, etc. In spite of its long relationship and physical closeness to China, Vietnam has for most of historical time â€Å"defined itself as China†tms enemy, a fact memorialized in folk song and legend† (301). The Communist party enlists neighborhood committees and uses these along with its own organizations to monitor behavior and punish what it perceives to be deviance from the norm. About 20 percent of all Vietnamese people live in cities, the majority of these in two or three room apartments. The punishment for exceeding the two child limit was most easily enforced† (295). Once a tattoo artist, Tan experiments with subjects such as men masturbating and variations on the phallic symbol. But number one, there is very little money to be made in Vietnam, so there are few places to spend it. In writing, these tones are marked diametrically, giving the language a great musicality. In 1994 the population of Vietnam was roughly 69 millions. Respecting its economy, Vietnam is and always has been a very poor country, â€Å"with an annual per capita income of less than U. Although the party has eased up on the economy a bit regarding control, it still wields absolute political power. In Vietnam, â€Å"gossip and ridicule have been important weapons for social control because of a concern for face† (296). Was Communism to be practiced, as it should be in Vietnam There would be a middle and upper class which there are not except at the level of government, meaning it†tms the same old story of corruption, hunger for power and the odd need to keep the people as submissive and as under-privileged as possible. The children are taught that â€Å"water from Vietnam†tms many rivers and from the annual monsoons is basic to the rice agriculture† (26), which is so vital to the country†tms existence in terms of both substance and economy. Music plays a central role in daily life just as it does in America; its fine arts and architecture, however, reflect Chinese as well as Western influence. Most households have altars for their ancestors and â€Å"small shrines built in honor of various spirits (the earth god, Shakyamuni, the goddess of mercy, the god of wealth, etc.

Childrens Testimonies essays

Children's Testimonies essays Every year some hundreds of thousands of children may be involved in the legal system. Most encounters have been with sexual assault cases. Although some children may be capable of giving an accurate testimony most are vulnerable to having their testimony and their memories distorted to the point where the truth may never be known. Children have problems distinguishing reality from fantasy, making them susceptible to the coaching of an authority figure. Award winning development psychologist Stephen J. Ceci, Ph.D., of Cornell University has conducted a laboratory research, studying some factors that can affect a childs testimony. These conclude: Interviewer bias-When the interviewer (parent, therapist, investigator) believes he or she knows what happened and attempts to get the child to confirm it, ignoring anything the child says that does not conform with the interviewers bias and encouraging anything that does. Repeated Questions-Children, especially younger children are more likely to change their answers when asked the same yes or no question repeated during a single interview. Answers from children to yes or no questions repeated over several interviews are likely to become more firm and confident, regardless of whether they are correct. Stereotype induction-Childrens reports can be influenced by stereotypes suggested by the interviewer (or by others before the interview takes place). An interviewer telling a child that the [suspect] is a bad man who does bad things is an example of stereotype induction. Similarly, children can come to assume and report bad things about someone they had previously heard described in negative terms. Encouragement to imagine and visualize-When asked to think real hard about or to visualize events they dont remember, children can come to remember and then present a detailed, coherent narrative o...

Environmental Perils

Environmental Perils Thomas Friedman, Al Gore, and Mindy Lubber offer analyses of the environmental perils we face at the beginning of the twenty-first century and propose some solutions. In this paper there is going to be comparing and contrasting each of these analyses and solutions that are offered by the three analysts.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental Perils specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Considering what is presented by Thomas Friedman, he promises that we should go green. He points out that thinking about how to live and work in a greener fashion – with cleaner electrons, greater energy and resource productivity, and an ethic of conservation, is being popularized and democratized (Friedman 290). According to him, at the present, this is â€Å"no longer an elite issue for those people who live in the West and East coasts or in the backyards of Vermont or Colorado† (Friedman 290). Friedman points out tha t â€Å"it is all about being green and every one is a winner† (Friedman 291). The farmers in the U.S are winners because they are going â€Å"green†. They get to grow ethanol and garner immense government subsidies for doing so even if it makes no real sense as a CO2 reduction strategy. More so, coal companies are going green and they are doing this through renaming themselves â€Å"energy companies† and stressing how sequestration of carbon dioxide will offer us â€Å"clean coal† (Friedman 291). He states that â€Å"in the green revolution we’re having in America today, everybody gets to play, everybody is a winner, nobody gets hurt, and no body has to do anything hard† (Friedman 291). It is pointed out that the most difficult facts are these â€Å"if we sum up the easy, cost-efficiency measures we should all embrace, the best we get is a slowing of the growth of environmental damage †¦ obsessing over recycling and installing a few s pecial light bulbs wont cant it† (Friedman 293).Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More We are supposed to be considering the basic change in our energy, transportation as well as agricultural systems instead of looking at the technological tweaking on the margins, and this implies changes and costs the present and future leaders tend to be afraid to discuss (Friedman 293). Another analyst who talks about the environmental perils is Al Gore. Al Gore who was the 45th Vice President of the United States of American as well as an environmental activist, was the winner of the 2007 Nobel Peace price and this was in recognition of his work â€Å"to build and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such† (Gore 301). In his speech that he presented in the Month of July 20 08, Al Gore called upon people to take the necessary measures to overcome the climate crisis and pointed out that electing President Obama in to office presented a hope of dealing with this problem effectively. According to Al Gore, the world authority on climate crisis, â€Å"the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, after two decades of detailed research and 4 unanimous reports, currently indicates that the evidence is â€Å"unequivocal†. To those people who are still tempted to engage in dismissing the increasingly urgent alarms from scientists all over the world, do not seriously consider the melting of the north polar ice cap and all of the other apocalyptic warning from the earth itself, and â€Å"who role their eyes at the very mention of this existential danger to the future of the human kind are supposed to wake up† (Gore 301). Al Gore, in the speech, raised awareness among people that they should care about the future generations by taking the appropria te measures to protect the future generations against the effects of the climate crisis. Al Gore mentioned that the bold steps that are supposed to be taken in order to deal with the climate crisis are similar steps that are supposed to be taken to deal with the problem of the economic crisis as well as the energy security crisis.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental Perils specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is agreement among the economists that huge and quick investments in a job-intensive infrastructure initiative are the best way to revive the economy in a rapid and sustainable way. A large number of people as well agree that the American economy will fall behind in case the country goes on spending billions of dollars on foreign oil every year. In addition, national security experts in the two parties have come to agree that America faces a dangerous strategic vulnerability in case the world sudden ly loses access to the oil from the Middle East. Al Gore points out that the America’s Automobile industry should be helped to convert quickly to plug-in hybrids which can run on the renewable electricity which will be there as the rest of this plan comes to maturity. He points out that â€Å"in combination with the unified grid, a nationwide fleet of plug-in hybrids would also help to solve the problem of electricity storage†¦..with this sort of grid, cars could be charged during off-peak energy use hours; during peak hours, when fewer cars are on the road, they could contribute their electricity back in to the national grid† (Gore 303). Another measure that is proposed by Al Gore is that there should be embarking on nationwide attempts to retrofit buildings with improved insulation and energy efficient windows and lighting. About 40 percent of the CO2 emissions in the U.S originate from buildings and trying to prevent such pollution saves a lot of money for thos e who own homes and businesses. This measure is supposed to go hand in hand with the proposal in Congress to assist the American people who are overburdened by mortgages that are more than the value of their homes. Al Gore, in his speech, also proposes that the U.S has to be in the lead in regard to putting a price on carbon within the country, and should also take the lead in the global efforts to substitute the Kyoto treaty with a treaty that is more effective which caps global CO2 emissions and gives encouragement to countries to invest together in efficient ways to reduce global warming and pollution rapidly, through such ways as greatly reducing deforestation.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Indeed, as pointed out, â€Å"the best way, and possibly the only way, to secure a global agreement to safeguard the future is by re-establishing the U.S as the country with the moral and political authority to lead the world toward a solution† (Gore, 303). In his forecast, Al Gore points out that he has great hopes that Americans will have the courage to embrace the changes that are vital in saving the country’s economy, the earth, and eventually people themselves. Considering Mindy Lubber, she is a former Regional administrator of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. He has won international awards for her work on combating climate change. She delivered a speech in the month of October 2008 at a Deutsche Bank conference during the financial downturn that followed the subprime lending crisis. In the speech, she started by point the fact that we are about to leave behind an environment that is imperiled to the future generation. She pointed out that the m ajor problem that is facing the world is global climate change. She blames the society for presenting the claims that it is taking action to deal with the situation but in the actual sense, it is not doing something close to this. The dangers that climate change poses to the profitability of companies are very immense and â€Å"even if we weren’t the â€Å"good guys† who want to save the planet for the planet’s sake our children’s, we had better pay attention as business leaders whose enterprises are at risk† (Lubber 316). She went ahead to point out that people are aware that ignoring the subprime lending disaster led to a stunning financial collapse on Main Street and wall Street. If a similar mistake is made in regard to the climate, the very human survival is put in danger in addition to the capital markets. She draws a conclusion in this regard that it is now time to be attentive and cease to think of climate change as an â€Å"off-trade† balance sheet risk. This is a risk which is supposed to appear on the balance sheet. Since the unchecked carbon emissions will bring about great damage to this world, we have to commit now to â€Å"building long-term shareholder value and creating new high paying jobs that do not revolve around oil and coal† (Lubber 317). She further points out that the near collapse of the America’s economy has got people’s attention and therefore, as one pays attention, there is need to talk about people’s exposure to climate risk, as well as the opportunities which await those that lead on this critical issue. There is need to put in place policies concerning climate change. As an initial step, the government action is required. In order to limit the climate change impacts, there is need to reduce global warming pollution by a minimum of 25 percent by the year 2020 and by 80 percent by the year 2050. The only way through which this can be realized is by putting in p lace strong government policies that set the compulsory limits of CO2 emissions, which implies placing a price on carbon emissions. Thomas Friedman, Al Gore, and Mindy Lubber give comprehensive analyses of the environmental perils that the world is currently facing and well as the possible solutions to these. In their analyses, all of them talk about the issue of reducing the carbon emissions. However, as on one hand Friedman man puts emphasis on going green, Gore and Lubber concentrate on the issue of giving a relationship between economic development and climate change. They point out that climate change can bring in a great negative impact on a country’s economy or the financial position of a company. In general, there is need to take the necessary measures to protect the environment in order for the future generations to also benefit from it. Friedman, Thomas. â€Å"205 easy ways to save the earth†. Writing and reading across the curriculum. Eds. Laurence Behrens and Leonard J. Rosen. London: Longman Publishing, 2009. Gore, Al. â€Å"Climate for Change†. Writing and reading across the curriculum. Eds. Laurence Behrens and Leonard J. Rosen. London: Longman Publishing, 2009. Lubber, Mindy. â€Å"Balance sheets and the climate crisis†. Writing and reading across the curriculum. Eds. Laurence Behrens and Leonard J. Rosen. London: Longman Publishing, 2009.

Electronic communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Electronic communication - Essay Example This paper outlines categorically some examples that will help highlight the latter issue for ease of understanding. Basically, there are three types of electronic communications. These include: This is basically the simplest type of electronic communication and whereby transfer of messages is towards one direction at a time. In other words, the communication is one-way. Examples of such communication are: personal receiver (beeper), TV broadcasting and radio. A policy is typically described as a principle or rule to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes. A policy can be considered as a "Statement of Intent" or a "Commitment." For that reason at least, the decision-makers can be held accountable for their "Policy", (Paquette 200). Policies are therefore normally meant to ensure conformance with set objectives and in the case of electronic communication, one of the major issue of concern is privacy and security of communication. Electronic communication, unlike other forms of communication, poses great challenges to both the communicators and the communication service providers on how to ensure security of the messages. Another issue concerning use of electronic communication is its ability to bear legal value in that there have been issues on whether or not agreement reached using electronic communication can have evidential value (Madeline 198). There are, therefore, several policies governing use of electronic communication. One of the international policies on electronic communication is the New World Information Communication Order (NWICO). This is a UNESCO agency formed in the mid 1970s with the aim of bringing balance in world information flow (communication). NWICO was out to facilitate economic growth in the developing or third world countries by improving the communication system. According to it, free information flow encouraged economic development but was lacking in

Cabaret Film (1972) Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cabaret Film (1972) Film - Essay Example Let us now look into film by segmenting it, so as to understand the film better. The film begins with a cabaret song performed by Joel Grey and other cast that actually welcomes the audience. Here Bob Fosse blends the introduction of Michael York, the scene takes a transition from the cabaret to the Berlin railway station and this transition happens abruptly with no effects of fade or wipe. The first scene completely focuses on the advent of an English man who enters Berlin with a hope to find a career as an English tutor. Soon after the completion of the first scene, there is actually a continuity of the English man finding himself a place to live in. Here Bob Fosse brings in the character around which the story actually revolves, Sally Bowles (Liza Minnelli). The English man meets the singer Sally Bowles and finds accommodation in her place. In this particular scene the director introduces Sally Bowles as atypical woman with a strong desire to become an actress. This also gives us an impression about the girl who has a quite different attitude where she convinces the English man about the rent and persuades him to stay. The following scene shows Sally Bowles performing at the cabaret and this indeed is a perfect continuation of the previous scene letting the audience know about Sally and her profession. In this performance of Sally Bowles one has to definitely appreciate the work done by John Kander where his tunes leave the audience foot tapping. The third scene begins with a fade and this shows Sally Bowles talking over the phone to the English man Brian Roberts and here comes in the character of a Jewish man, who Sally introduces to Brian and suggests him taking English lessons from Brian. In the following scenes Sally discloses her strong desire to become an actress to Brian and in the same scene Sally screams under a railway bridge and asks Brian to do the same. This scene particularly tells us about the typical behavior of Sally. The following scenes al so have a good sense of continuity where Sally seduces Brian and Brian refuses romancing her. At the end of the scene doubts entail us about the sexuality of Brian for he has a different outlook for women. All the scenes so far have a cause to happen and their effect felt in the progressive sequences. The upcoming scenes find us in little sense of ambiguity of as to why the parallel story of the Jewish man and his love interest, Natalia happen to take place in this track of the movie revolving around the cabaret singer Sally. But little would we know at the beginning, of why this parallel track runs and at the end of the film this would find a meaningful integration with the main track of the movie. The scene, in which the Jewish woman, Natalia seeking to learn English from Brian pronounces â€Å"phlegm† amusingly, is certainly a hilarious scene with Sally’s sarcastic comments. Though some scenes merely appear as fillers their sense of appearance are found at the end. The Jewish man trying to please his love interest is one among them. The romance between Sally and Brian finds great sense as it is placed in the right time and the director’s art in making the scene a non deliberate one is impeccable. A song (â€Å"may be this time†) placed at this point is a mere justification of the emotions of a cabaret singer. The scene in which Sally speaks to the Natalia about physical relationships actually makes little sense as this has got